10 Innovative Ways We’re Harnessing the Power of Nature

At the rate we’re chugging along, major fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas are expected to run out in about 75 years. Since we’re pretty much completely dependent on fossil fuels for daily life, that puts a lot of pressure on researchers to develop new, sustainable ways of producing energy.

Fortunately, they’re stepping up to the challenge like true champions. Here are ten incredible ways we’re using nature to make electricity, revolutionize food production, and make the world a less smoggy place.

Concrete—a mixture of cement, rock, and water—is one of the cheapest and most common building materials in the world. Unfortunately, it’s almost impossible to recycle—so all the rubble and debris from destroyed buildings, bridges, and roads usually goes to waste. 

The Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics has developed a solution: blast the concrete with lightning. And surprisingly—it works. When powerful pulses of electricity strike concrete, the energy travels between the individual elements and effectively severs the bond that holds it all together—resulting in a pile of concrete ingredients which can then be used to make new concrete.

Rather than looking for ways to recycle concrete, researchers in the Netherlands are working on a technique to fix it—automatically. Henk Jonkers and his team are developing a type of concrete that is infused with living bacteria. When water causes the concrete to crack, the bacteria will activate and secrete a waste product called calcite that is very similar to limestone— effectively patching the concrete.

 

For all their popularity, solar cells are typically only about 11–15 percent efficient. That’s calculated by the amount of power they make compared to the amount of sunlight that hits the cell. DARPA is working on a solar energy system that could more than double that efficiency, by actually breaking down sunlight and harvesting the wavelengths of each individual color. 

Using nanomaterials—some of which are smaller than light wavelengths—the system is able to sort each color and pipe it to a cell that’s designed to absorb that specific wavelength. By doing that, they can work on creating solar cells that don’t need to react to the entire light spectrum—just to one single color. DARPA expects their solar cells to have an output of up to 50% efficiency—a full head and shoulders above anything else we currently have.

Wind is a freely available resource, but the problem is that we can’t really control it; when the wind stops blowing, wind turbines stop producing electricity. Surprisingly enough, Apple is the one with the solution. In June of 2011, Apple filed a patent for a wind turbine that converts wind power into heat that will continue to generate energy even if the blades aren’t spinning.

Traditional windmills have worked on the same principles for the past few thousand years: wind spins the fan blades and creates energy. Apple’s wind turbine does that, but it also captures heat created by friction and stores it.

A Japanese retail company has developed an aquaponics system that’s being used as an art piece in hospitals and nursing homes. The system is capable of growing fish as well as plants; the nitrate waste from the fish is used as fertilizer by the plants. At the same time, the plants filter and clean the water, which is then piped back into the fish tank— in exactly the same way a natural system (such as a pond) would work. Although it doesn’t create energy, the system doesn’t consume any either. 

Large-scale systems like this are also being developed to help create renewable food sources in areas of the world that don’t have a lot of water. Since the water cycles continuously through the system, desert regions with limited rainfall can use it as a viable means of year-round food production.

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